Standing water on road leading to hydroplaning
National Highways received 5 coroners' reports about this hazard between 25 Oct 2016 and 15 Jul 2026.
They came from 5 different coroners in 5 coroner areas. A similar concern was raised again 4 times after the first warning.
A published response was found for 4 of the 4 earlier reports, stating 9 specific actions.
The story, report by report
Spacing grows with the time between reports.
“Police officers who attended the scene noticed, in addition to standing water on the carriageway, a flow of water across the westbound carriageway at or near the point where the BMW began to veer to the left.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ National Highways responded.Response (PDF) ↗
- 11 months later
“The scene of the collision is in a natural 'bowl' and that, unless effectively drained, it is a point at which standing water will accumulate during and/or after heavy rainfall”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ National Highways responded, stating 4 specific actions.Response (PDF) ↗
“The drainage scheme is progressing as planned through the design and development phases with an estimated start date on the A46 in February 2018. The work will take place over a period of approximately 20 weeks with a planned completion date of June 2018.”
Stated timescale: June 2018
“Highways England are in discussions with and his land agent ( Shouler & Son) regarding the removal of the access to the field which will allow us to install a continuous vehicle safety restraint barrier. Communication was made with during week commencing 25 September 2017 immediately following the inquest. As a result, discussions with began on the 4 October 2017 and continued on the 23 October 2017.”
2 more stated actions in the Promises tab.
- 5 years 2 months laterClosely relatedConfidence 0.80 · moderatea different coroner
“The crash location is at the bottom of an incline on the M20 motorway which normally would not cause an issue, however the road also has a camber which causes water to run across the carriageway rather than draining into either the central reservation of the drain on the hard shoulder”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Repeated from the earlier report:wateracrosscarriageway
National Highways responded, stating 4 specific actions.Response (PDF) ↗Response (PDF) ↗
“South East Regional Operations Centre (SEROC) set variable message signs to display”
Stated timescale: 08 February 2023
“170 metres of combined kerb drainage jetted, 200 metres x 2 Acco drains jetted and a full CCTV drainage survey carried out”
Stated timescale: 08 February 2023
2 more stated actions in the Promises tab.
- 2 years 8 months later
Raised again · 3rd time
James Scott↗
24 Jul 2025 · Rosamund Rhodes-Kemp · Hampshire, Portsmouth and Southampton
Closely relatedConfidence 0.85 · higha different coroner“(2) Whilst the precise cause of the flooding is unknown, a more regular maintenance schedule may have prevented the buildup of vegetation within the gullies and therefore assisted in the drainage of the heavy rainfall experienced that day”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Repeated from the earlier report:heavyrainfall
National Highways responded, stating 1 specific action.Response (PDF) ↗
“The first drainage flood risk site visit of financial year 1 April 2024 to 31 March 2025 was ordered on 23 April 2024 with a six-month window for completion. The work was completed on 31 August 2024.”
Stated timescale: 31 August 2024
- 1 year laterIdentical hazardConfidence 0.90 · higha different coroner
“The centralised location of these collisions suggests that there may be ongoing issues with drainage on this section of the road.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ National Highways responded.Response (PDF) ↗Response (PDF) ↗
- All reports to National Highways
Each row is one judged link between an earlier and a later report. Open a row to read both quotes, found word for word in the originals.
2016 → 2022Josie Archer-Smith6 years 1 month after Kevin Hefferman · different coronerClosely relatedConfidence 0.80 · moderate
Closely relatedConfidence 0.80 · moderateBoth reports identify water flowing across the carriageway as a hazard that can cause loss of vehicle control. The earlier report notes a measured 16‑metre flow on a westbound carriageway, while the later report describes water running across the carriageway due to camber and poor drainage.
Kevin Hefferman · 25 Oct 2016
“Police officers who attended the scene noticed, in addition to standing water on the carriageway, a flow of water across the westbound carriageway at or near the point where the BMW began to veer to the left.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Josie Archer-Smith · 7 Dec 2022
“The crash location is at the bottom of an incline on the M20 motorway which normally would not cause an issue, however the road also has a camber which causes water to run across the carriageway rather than draining into either the central reservation of the drain on the hard shoulder”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ 2017 → 2025James Scott7 years 10 months after Shahbaz Salim · different coronerClosely relatedConfidence 0.85 · high
Closely relatedConfidence 0.85 · highBoth reports highlight inadequate drainage leading to standing water on the road. The earlier report cites a blocked drain in a natural bowl, while the later report notes flood risk and vegetation‑blocked gullies reducing drainage.
Shahbaz Salim · 22 Sept 2017
“The scene of the collision is in a natural 'bowl' and that, unless effectively drained, it is a point at which standing water will accumulate during and/or after heavy rainfall;”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ James Scott · 24 Jul 2025
“(2) Whilst the precise cause of the flooding is unknown, a more regular maintenance schedule may have prevented the buildup of vegetation within the gullies and therefore assisted in the drainage of the heavy rainfall experienced that day”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Stated action in the response to the earlier report
“The drainage scheme is progressing as planned through the design and development phases with an estimated start date on the A46 in February 2018. The work will take place over a period of approximately 20 weeks with a planned completion date of June 2018.”
2016 → 2025James Scott8 years 9 months after Kevin Hefferman · different coronerClosely relatedConfidence 0.80 · moderate
Closely relatedConfidence 0.80 · moderateBoth reports identify excess water on the roadway as a danger that can contribute to loss of vehicle control. The earlier report describes a measured flow of water across the carriageway, while the later report notes the area is a known flood risk leading to surface water.
Kevin Hefferman · 25 Oct 2016
“Police officers who attended the scene noticed, in addition to standing water on the carriageway, a flow of water across the westbound carriageway at or near the point where the BMW began to veer to the left.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ James Scott · 24 Jul 2025
“The area is a known flood risk”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ 2017 → 2026Cody Stock8 years 10 months after Shahbaz Salim · different coronerIdentical hazardConfidence 0.90 · high
Identical hazardConfidence 0.90 · highBoth reports identify inadequate drainage leading to standing water accumulation on the road as a safety hazard. They link this condition to increased risk of vehicle loss of control.
Shahbaz Salim · 22 Sept 2017
“The scene of the collision is in a natural 'bowl' and that, unless effectively drained, it is a point at which standing water will accumulate during and/or after heavy rainfall”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Cody Stock · 15 Jul 2026
“The centralised location of these collisions suggests that there may be ongoing issues with drainage on this section of the road.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Stated action in the response to the earlier report
“The drainage scheme is progressing as planned through the design and development phases with an estimated start date on the A46 in February 2018. The work will take place over a period of approximately 20 weeks with a planned completion date of June 2018.”
2025 → 2026Cody Stock1 year after James Scott · different coronerClosely relatedConfidence 0.85 · high
Closely relatedConfidence 0.85 · highBoth reports identify inadequate drainage leading to excess water on the highway as a safety concern. The earlier report focuses on flood‑risk gully blockage, while the later report links drainage shortcomings to collision risks.
James Scott · 24 Jul 2025
“(2) Whilst the precise cause of the flooding is unknown, a more regular maintenance schedule may have prevented the buildup of vegetation within the gullies and therefore assisted in the drainage of the heavy rainfall experienced that day thus reducing the amount of surface water present on the road”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Cody Stock · 15 Jul 2026
“The centralised location of these collisions suggests that there may be ongoing issues with drainage on this section of the road.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗
No specific action could be extracted with a verified quote.
Stated action · timescale: June 2018
“The drainage scheme is progressing as planned through the design and development phases with an estimated start date on the A46 in February 2018. The work will take place over a period of approximately 20 weeks with a planned completion date of June 2018.”
Stated action
“Highways England are in discussions with and his land agent ( Shouler & Son) regarding the removal of the access to the field which will allow us to install a continuous vehicle safety restraint barrier. Communication was made with during week commencing 25 September 2017 immediately following the inquest. As a result, discussions with began on the 4 October 2017 and continued on the 23 October 2017.”
Stated action
“Highways England Land Team will detail the relevant value of the land access to allow continuing discussion with”
Stated action
“Once an agreement has been reached with we can implement the vehicle restraint barrier alterations in the same timescales as the drainage scheme. This piece of work is being prepared separately to, but in conjunction with, the above drainage scheme as the delivery rests on reaching an agreement with Mr TAYLOR.”
Stated action · timescale: 08 February 2023
“South East Regional Operations Centre (SEROC) set variable message signs to display”
Stated action · timescale: 08 February 2023
“170 metres of combined kerb drainage jetted, 200 metres x 2 Acco drains jetted and a full CCTV drainage survey carried out”
Stated action · timescale: 08 February 2023
“200 metres of combined kerb drainage jetted and cleaned; ▪ 150 metres of centre reserve drainage channel cleaned;”
Stated action · timescale: June-July 2023
“M20 Medway and Allington Deck Refurbishment scheme is due to be delivered between June and July 2023”
No specific action could be extracted with a verified quote.
Stated action · timescale: 31 August 2024
“The first drainage flood risk site visit of financial year 1 April 2024 to 31 March 2025 was ordered on 23 April 2024 with a six-month window for completion. The work was completed on 31 August 2024.”
No specific action could be extracted with a verified quote.
No specific action could be extracted with a verified quote.
- Each report's concerns were extracted by Nemotron 3 Nano on Nebius Token Factory, each with a quote copied from the report.
- Concerns from reports to National Highways at least six months apart were compared by meaning (Qwen3 embeddings) and wording (TF-IDF).
- The closest pairs were judged by Nemotron 3 Super with reasoning on. Only identical or closely related, with confidence of at least 0.70, are shown.
- Every quote was checked by code as an exact substring of the original text. Names of staff and family are redacted, and the deceased are named by report title only.
| Link | Meaning | Wording | Judge | Coroner |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 → 2022 | 0.73 | 0.18 | Closely related · 0.80 | different |
| 2017 → 2025 | 0.70 | 0.23 | Closely related · 0.85 | different |
| 2016 → 2025 | 0.74 | 0.20 | Closely related · 0.80 | different |
| 2017 → 2026 | 0.76 | 0.30 | Identical · 0.90 | different |
| 2025 → 2026 | 0.79 | 0.29 | Closely related · 0.85 | different |
Judge model: nvidia/nemotron-3-super-120b-a12b. How Nemotron did the work · Full methodology.
Next
Other chains for National Highways
- Inadequate drainage leading to water accumulation on carriageway2 reports · 2022–2026
- Missing pedestrian crossing on busy ring road3 reports · 2015–2026
- Raised obstruction on road surface leading to loss of control2 reports · 2016–2025
- No hard shoulder on smart motorways leading to unsafe stops7 reports · 2019–2025
This shows that a similar concern was raised again after an earlier report. It does not say why, and it is not a finding about any organisation or person. To report an error, see the corrections route.