Lack of oversight for unregulated water activities
Health and Safety Executive received 2 coroners' reports about this hazard between 4 Oct 2023 and 10 Apr 2025.
They came from 2 different coroners in 2 coroner areas. A similar concern was raised again 1 time after the first warning.
A published response was found for 1 of the 1 earlier reports, stating 1 specific action.
The story, report by report
Spacing grows with the time between reports.
“There seems to be very little oversight of these businesses in their provision of cold water immersion covering matters such as pre-session health advice or warnings, public liability insurance, training and experience”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Health and Safety Executive responded, stating 1 specific action.Response (PDF) ↗
“I have asked that this matter is raised at the national Local Authority Health and Safety Practitioner Forum”
- 1 year 6 months laterClosely relatedConfidence 0.90 · higha different coroner
“It became clear in evidence that the activity does not require a licence from the Adventure Activities Licensing Authority and can be undertaken and/or organised by anyone without regulation.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Health and Safety Executive responded.Response (PDF) ↗Response (PDF) ↗
- All reports to Health and Safety Executive
Each row is one judged link between an earlier and a later report. Open a row to read both quotes, found word for word in the originals.
2023 → 2025Joel Ineson1 year 6 months after Kellie Poole · different coronerClosely relatedConfidence 0.90 · high
Closely relatedConfidence 0.90 · highBoth reports highlight a lack of oversight and safety guidance for unregulated water‑based activities offered to the public. The earlier report focuses on cold‑water immersion businesses, while the later one concerns open‑water swimming events, but the core concern about missing regulation and risk management is the same.
Kellie Poole · 4 Oct 2023
“There seems to be very little oversight of these businesses in their provision of cold water immersion covering matters such as pre-session health advice or warnings, public liability insurance, training and experience”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Joel Ineson · 10 Apr 2025
“It became clear in evidence that the activity does not require a licence from the Adventure Activities Licensing Authority and can be undertaken and/or organised by anyone without regulation.”
Original on judiciary.uk ↗ Stated action in the response to the earlier report
“I have asked that this matter is raised at the national Local Authority Health and Safety Practitioner Forum”
Stated action
“I have asked that this matter is raised at the national Local Authority Health and Safety Practitioner Forum”
No specific action could be extracted with a verified quote.
No specific action could be extracted with a verified quote.
- Each report's concerns were extracted by Nemotron 3 Nano on Nebius Token Factory, each with a quote copied from the report.
- Concerns from reports to Health and Safety Executive at least six months apart were compared by meaning (Qwen3 embeddings) and wording (TF-IDF).
- The closest pairs were judged by Nemotron 3 Super with reasoning on. Only identical or closely related, with confidence of at least 0.70, are shown.
- Every quote was checked by code as an exact substring of the original text. Names of staff and family are redacted, and the deceased are named by report title only.
| Link | Meaning | Wording | Judge | Coroner |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 → 2025 | 0.72 | 0.09 | Closely related · 0.90 | different |
Judge model: nvidia/nemotron-3-super-120b-a12b. How Nemotron did the work · Full methodology.
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This shows that a similar concern was raised again after an earlier report. It does not say why, and it is not a finding about any organisation or person. To report an error, see the corrections route.